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Primedice

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Primedice

Primedice is an online cryptocurrency-based casino centered around a single dice game. Launched in 2013, it is one of the earliest and most prominent Bitcoin gambling platforms.[1] Primedice pioneered the use of provably fair gaming in online casinos, allowing players to verify the fairness of each roll. With its simple high-low dice betting format and a house edge of only 1%, Primedice quickly gained popularity among crypto gamblers and became a leading name in the industry.[2] The platform has processed tens of billions of bets since inception, solidifying its significance in the crypto casino sector.[3] Aimed at experienced users, Primedice emphasizes transparency, fast transactions, and community interaction, which collectively have made it a mainstay in Bitcoin gaming circles.

History & Founding

Primedice was founded in May 2013 by a team of young entrepreneurs led by Edward (Ed) Craven and Bijan Tehrani.[4] Craven (an Australian) and Tehrani (an American) had initially met online as teenagers through the game RuneScape, where they ran an in-game gambling ring (“staking”) that earned them about US$100,000 each before the game’s developers banned the practice in 2011.[5] Building on that experience, they turned their attention to Bitcoin, which was then an emerging digital currency. The concept for Primedice was inspired by the success of SatoshiDice – a simple on-chain Bitcoin dice game – and the founders aimed to create a more interactive, real-time dice gambling experience.[6]

Primedice’s launch in 2013 introduced a web-based Bitcoin dice game with instant betting and provably fair mechanics, which was a novelty at the time. The platform gained traction rapidly via Bitcoin forums and word of mouth. By 2014, Primedice had grown into one of the most active Bitcoin gambling sites, often regarded as the “number one” crypto casino of its era.[7] The site underwent iterative improvements, releasing new versions of the software; for example, a third major version (“Primedice 3”) went live in August 2014 with an updated interface and features.[8]

Early growth was not without setbacks. In late 2014, shortly after the v3 launch, Primedice suffered a notable security incident (detailed in the Controversies section) that tested the young company’s resilience. Nonetheless, the platform survived and continued to expand its user base. In 2016, the founders formalized their business by establishing a development studio called Easygo in Melbourne, Australia, to house Primedice’s operations and staff.[9] Around this time, support for additional cryptocurrencies beyond Bitcoin was introduced, reflecting the broader adoption of altcoins in the crypto gambling community.

By the end of 2017, Primedice’s cumulative betting activity was enormous – the site reported nearly 20 billion individual bets placed in its first four years.[10] The success and profits from Primedice enabled its team to pursue larger ventures. In 2017 the founders launched a new crypto casino, Stake.com, under the same parent company, expanding beyond dice into a full suite of casino games and sports betting.[11] Despite the shift in focus to the broader Stake brand, Primedice remained online as a separate platform, continuing to cater to dice gambling enthusiasts. Through the late 2010s and into the 2020s, Primedice has maintained its status as one of the longest-running crypto casinos, with periodic updates (such as new cryptocurrencies supported, a VIP rewards system, and security enhancements) but still fundamentally offering the same single dice game that made it famous.

Operations & Technology

Game Mechanics

Primedice offers a simple dice game where players bet on a number roll between 0 and 99.99. The player chooses a threshold (for example, “roll under 50”) and wagers a certain amount of cryptocurrency; if the randomly generated roll meets the condition, the player wins, otherwise the house wins. The game is designed with a house edge of 1%, meaning it returns 99% of bets to players on average, making it a high-RTP (return-to-player) game by industry standards.[12] Despite its simplicity, the platform supports high-frequency betting – players can manually bet or use automated scripts/auto-betting features to place dozens of bets per second, a practice common among advanced gamblers.

Provably Fair System

A cornerstone of Primedice’s operation is its provably fair random number generation (RNG) system. Every outcome is generated through a combination of a server seed (secretly generated by Primedice) and a client seed (chosen by the player or default) plus a nonce for each bet. The server seed is hashed and the hash is presented to the player before betting, ensuring the casino cannot alter it later. When the bet is placed, the server combines the server seed, client seed, and nonce, then applies a cryptographic hash (SHA-256) to produce a pseudo-random outcome number between 0 and 99.99.[13][14] After the bet, the server reveals the original server seed, allowing the player to verify that it matches the pre-bet hash and thus confirm the roll was fair and not manipulated.[15] This provably fair mechanism, now a standard in crypto casinos, was popularized in part by Primedice’s implementation. External tools and the Primedice website itself provide seed verifiers so that industry professionals and players can audit any roll’s fairness independently.

Platform and Technology Stack

Primedice’s front-end is a web application (optimized for desktop and mobile web browsers) with a minimalist interface for speed and simplicity. The back-end handles a very high volume of micro-transactions and bets, necessitating robust infrastructure. The platform was custom-built by the Primedice team (under Easygo), tailored specifically for crypto dice gaming.[16] Key technical features include instant account creation (initially just a username and password, no lengthy KYC by default), real-time updating of bets and outcomes, and an in-browser chat that fosters community interaction. An API is provided for programmatic betting, allowing bots and third-party tools to integrate – this is crucial for professional gamblers who employ automated strategies.

Cryptocurrency Integration

As a crypto-native casino, Primedice handles all deposits and withdrawals in digital currencies. Initially supporting only Bitcoin, the platform later expanded to multiple cryptocurrencies. As of the mid-2020s, users can wager with Bitcoin as well as popular altcoins like Ethereum, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash, Dogecoin, Ripple (XRP), Tron, EOS, and stablecoins like USD Coin (USDC) and Tether (USDT).[17] Funds deposited are held in the user’s online balance for betting, and withdrawals are processed directly to the user’s wallet addresses. Transactions are typically fast – Primedice processes withdrawals instantly or within a few minutes, though large withdrawals may require manual approval for security.[18] The use of crypto allows for enhanced privacy (no credit card or bank details involved) and global accessibility, aligning with the preferences of many high-tech gamblers. However, Primedice does implement Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures; its terms of service reserve the right for the company to request identity verification (KYC documents) if suspicious activity is detected or for large sum withdrawals.[19] In practice, most routine play on the site remains pseudo-anonymous, with only an email verification needed for withdrawals in many cases.

Community and Features

A distinctive aspect of Primedice’s operation is its community-driven environment. The site includes a live chat box where players worldwide can talk in real-time while betting. The chat supports multiple languages (English, Russian, Indonesian, Portuguese, etc.) and is moderated by staff, creating a social experience around the otherwise solitary act of betting.[20] A “rain” feature occasionally rewards active chat participants with small amounts of free crypto, and historically Primedice also offered a free bitcoin faucet that gave out tiny fractions of BTC to allow new users to try the game risk-free (the faucet was eventually discontinued).[21] The casino runs periodic betting competitions and maintains a VIP loyalty program: frequent players climb tiers (Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond) and receive perks like rakeback (cashback on bets), bonus payouts, and dedicated support.[22][23] These operational choices have helped Primedice retain a core user base and keep them engaged despite offering only a single game.

On the security and licensing front, Primedice is licensed under the jurisdiction of Curaçao (Antillephone license 8048/JAZ) and is operated by a Curaçao-based entity, Slicemedia B.V. as its legal holding company.[24] The Curaçao license provides a basic regulatory oversight. Accordingly, Primedice blocks access from many countries with strict gambling laws. It does not accept players from the United States, Australia, and much of Europe, among other restricted regions.[25] This geofencing is enforced via IP blocks and terms of service. The platform’s servers and support operations are geographically distributed (with customer support reportedly based in Serbia for 24/7 coverage[26]), illustrating the global, decentralized nature of a crypto gambling operation.

Notable Figures

Edward Craven (Co-founder)

Ed Craven (born 1996) co-founded Primedice as a teenager and was instrumental in its business development. An Australian national, Craven used the alias “Stunna” in early Bitcoin forums as a public face of Primedice. He later gained prominence for co-founding Stake.com in 2017, which grew into one of the world’s largest crypto casinos. Craven’s entrepreneurial journey – from Primedice’s humble start to Stake’s billion-dollar revenues – has made him one of the youngest self-made billionaires in the gambling industry.[27][28] Within Primedice, Craven was known for engaging with the community and handling operations/marketing, while ensuring the site’s vision of fairness and user-centric design was realized. In media interviews, he often highlights the innovative yet controversial nature of crypto gambling and has advocated for legitimacy and regulation in the space.[29]

Bijan Tehrani (Co-founder)

Bijan Tehrani is the American co-founder of Primedice and Craven’s long-time business partner. Hailing from Connecticut, Tehrani was a school friend of early collaborator Chris Freeman and later met Craven through online gaming. Tehrani has a background in software and was heavily involved in the technical development of Primedice. Along with Craven, he held a 40% stake in the company at inception.[30] Tehrani’s expertise in coding and online systems was crucial to building the provably fair mechanism and backend infrastructure of Primedice (Freeman even claimed Tehrani did much of the initial coding).[31] Tehrani moved to Australia in the mid-2010s to co-found Easygo and Stake with Craven, and remains a key figure in the operation of these ventures. Though less publicly visible than Craven, Tehrani is recognized in the industry as an architect behind Primedice’s technology and later the expansion into Stake.

Christopher Freeman (Early Partner)

Christopher Freeman is an American entrepreneur who was involved with Primedice’s founding team. Freeman claims to have conceived the idea of a Bitcoin dice site around 2011 and brought it to Tehrani, initially owning 20% of the Primedice business.[32] According to his account, Tehrani and Craven each held 40% and the trio launched Primedice together. Freeman contributed to the project in its early stages (he asserts his role was pivotal in design and strategy), but he eventually parted ways with the company. His share was allegedly diluted over time, and he had no involvement by the time Stake.com was created. Freeman resurfaced in the news in 2022 by filing a high-profile lawsuit against Craven, Tehrani, and their companies, accusing them of cutting him out of Primedice’s profits and the subsequent Stake venture (see Controversies). While Craven acknowledges Freeman “had a degree of involvement in Primedice,” the Primedice team’s official stance is that Freeman was not a co-founder in the full sense.[33] Regardless, Freeman’s story has cast light on the personalities behind Primedice’s early days and the disputes that can arise in fast-growing startups.

Others

As a relatively small operation (especially compared to full casinos), Primedice did not have a large executive roster. However, the success of Primedice allowed the founders to hire a team of developers and support staff. By 2016, they had about 18 employees under the Easygo studio working on Primedice and new projects.[34] Key team members included software engineers who maintained the provably fair system and security, as well as community managers moderating the forums and chat. One notable community figure was the user/moderator known as “Micro,” famous on the Bitcointalk forum for running Primedice signature campaigns and promotions.

It’s also worth noting that Mladen Vuckovic, while not part of Primedice’s creation, later became CEO of Stake.com and was named in Freeman’s lawsuit as well.[35] His inclusion underscored the linkage between Primedice and its successor Stake, though Vuckovic’s role was specific to Stake’s operations in later years. Overall, Primedice’s people of significance remain the founding duo (Craven and Tehrani) and the early collaborator (Freeman), whose contributions and conflicts have shaped the company’s narrative.

Controversies & Challenges

2014 “Hufflepuff” Exploit

The most famous incident in Primedice’s history was a sophisticated hack of its RNG system in late 2014. A player operating under the pseudonym “Hufflepuff” discovered a vulnerability in Primedice’s provably fair algorithm that allowed them to predict outcomes. The exploit involved manipulating the handling of the server seed, letting the attacker access the decrypted seed while it was still in use, thereby giving knowledge of the next roll’s result.[36] Armed with this information, the player could wager strategically to guarantee wins. Over the course of August to November 2014, Hufflepuff used multiple accounts to avoid detection, placing extremely high-frequency bets. At one point, they were betting over US$8,000 worth of BTC per second continuously – the largest betting spree ever seen on the site.[37] By the time the scheme was uncovered, Hufflepuff had siphoned out approximately 2,400 BTC (around US$1,000,000 at 2014 prices) from Primedice.[38]

When Primedice realized what was happening, they confronted the player and requested the return of the illicit winnings. The cheater refused. Because Bitcoin transactions are irreversible and relatively anonymous, Primedice had no practical way to retrieve the funds.[39] This incident dealt Primedice a significant financial blow and threatened its reputation. In response, the team patched the vulnerability in the RNG code and tightened monitoring for abnormal betting patterns. Primedice’s CEO (speaking as “Stunna”) announced a bounty for anyone who could help track down the individual or recover the stolen bitcoins.[40] Ultimately, the culprit was never publicly identified, and the funds were not recovered. However, Primedice chose to be transparent about the hack and later published a blog post titled “Breaking the House” explaining how the exploit worked, as a cautionary tale for the industry.[41][42]

Legal Dispute with Christopher Freeman

In August 2022, Primedice and Stake’s founders were hit with a high-profile lawsuit filed in the U.S. by Christopher Freeman, a former associate. Freeman’s lawsuit alleged that he was an original partner in Primedice who was gradually squeezed out of the venture and denied his fair share of profits.[43] He claimed that at the start he owned 20% of Primedice, but that Craven and Tehrani diluted his stake (reportedly to about 14%) and later excluded him entirely.[44][45] The complaint painted a picture reminiscent of a start-up “founder fallout.”[46] Freeman further asserted that the concept for Stake.com was partly his, and that the two founders misled him about their new project to prevent him from participating in the billion-dollar opportunity.[47][48]

The lawsuit sought US$400–580 million in damages.[49][50] The defendants named included Craven, Tehrani, Primedice (Slicemedia), Stake.com, and associated companies and individuals.[51] Craven and Tehrani vehemently denied Freeman’s accusations, calling them “entirely without merit.”[52][53] In June 2023, a U.S. federal judge dismissed the lawsuit on procedural grounds (lack of jurisdiction), effectively throwing out the case without ruling on the merits.[54] The dismissal was “without prejudice,” allowing Freeman the opportunity to refile elsewhere. As of the latest updates, it is unclear if Freeman has pursued further legal action.

Regulatory and Compliance Challenges

Operating an online casino with cryptocurrencies has put Primedice in a legal gray area for much of its existence. Over time, many countries have explicitly banned online gambling without local licenses, extending to crypto casinos like Primedice. The United States, for example, considers offshore gambling sites illegal; Primedice has long blocked U.S. IP addresses, though U.S. players have sometimes used VPNs to bypass these restrictions.[55] Similar restrictions apply in Australia, Europe, and other jurisdictions. Primedice’s terms and conditions prohibit users from a lengthy list of regions, and KYC checks are enforced when necessary.[56]

From time to time, domain suspensions or regulatory updates have posed challenges. For example, in mid-2020 the Primedice.com domain was briefly suspended—reportedly due to registry-level actions—before quickly being reinstated.[57] Security also remains a critical concern: the site must defend against DDoS attacks, prevent cheating bots, and secure its hot cryptocurrency wallets. Apart from the 2014 hack, Primedice has not publicly reported other major exploits or thefts, suggesting a relatively robust approach to security.

Finally, concerns about responsible gambling have arisen due to Primedice’s pseudo-anonymous sign-up process and minimal friction for high-frequency betting. Critics note the lack of visible responsible gambling tools such as self-exclusion or betting limits.[58] While not a formal controversy, it reflects the broader debate on how crypto casinos balance user freedom with player protection.

Industry Impact & Innovations

Primedice has had a substantial impact on the crypto gambling industry, driving innovation and influencing competitors in several ways:

  • Pioneering Provably Fair Gaming: Primedice was among the first online casinos to fully adopt and promote provably fair algorithms. It made fair-roll verification user-friendly and helped turn it into a standard in crypto iGaming.[59][60]
  • Simple Model, Massive Volume: Primedice’s single-game format proved that a minimalistic approach could yield enormous betting volume. The site’s low house edge (1%) and high throughput attracted hardcore gamblers, and over 22 billion bets have been placed there.[61]
  • Community & Gamification: Primedice popularized a lively, community-driven atmosphere with real-time chat, “rain” tip features, and achievements—creating a social dynamic that many crypto casinos later emulated.
  • Influencing Major Ventures: Primedice was the springboard for the creation of Stake.com, one of the biggest crypto casinos. Stake took Primedice’s principles (provable fairness, crypto betting) and expanded them into a full sportsbook and multi-game platform.[62]
  • Setting Industry Benchmarks: Primedice set benchmarks in low house edge, instant withdrawals, and reliable uptime at scale. Competitors had to match or exceed these standards to attract players.
  • Security Lessons from the 2014 Exploit: While the hack was damaging, Primedice’s public disclosure and fix spurred industry-wide improvements in provably fair algorithms.[63][64]

Overall, Primedice’s blueprint shaped how many crypto casinos operate, both technically and in fostering a sense of community.

Business & Financial Insights

As a privately held operation, Primedice does not publicly disclose detailed financials, but various data and statements reveal aspects of its economics:

  • Revenue Model & House Edge: Primedice’s primary revenue is from its 1% house edge on dice bets. Over high volume, this can generate substantial profits. By 2017, nearly 2.25 million BTC had been wagered, implying significant earnings given a steady edge.[65]
  • Bankroll & Risk Management: The founders funded the bankroll themselves, rather than offering public bankroll sharing. Profits were reinvested to increase bet limits over time. The 2014 hack that cost ~2,400 BTC was absorbed by the company, leading to stronger security and monitoring protocols. Primedice enforces bet caps to mitigate extreme losses.
  • Profitability & Growth: Primedice became profitable within its first year, enabling expansion and the formation of Easygo. Much of its revenue was in Bitcoin, so the site benefited from BTC price appreciation.[66] Earnings funded new ventures such as Stake.com. The single-game model keeps operational costs low.
  • Corporate Structure: Primedice is owned by Slicemedia B.V. (Curaçao), with related entities (e.g., Medium Rare N.V. for Stake, Easygo Solutions in Australia).[67][68] This structure optimizes for international crypto gambling.
  • Marketing & Partnerships: Primedice mainly uses affiliate marketing, paying a percentage of the house edge to referrers. It also leveraged “signature campaigns” on BitcoinTalk and built brand recognition organically. Unlike Stake, Primedice never pursued high-profile sports sponsorships.

Overall, Primedice’s “low-margin, high-volume” approach—combined with minimal overhead and broad crypto adoption—has driven consistent profitability and growth.

Notable Events & Anecdotes

  • The $1 Million Hack (2014): The “Hufflepuff” exploit remains the most infamous Primedice story, with the perpetrator systematically stealing about 2,400 BTC by leveraging an RNG vulnerability.[69]
  • Early Glitch “Jackpot” (2013): A Reddit user reported accidentally receiving 100+ duplicate BTC withdrawals due to a software bug, pocketing about US$1,500 at the time. The bug was quickly fixed, but it underscored the risks of early-stage crypto software.
  • Record Wins and Losses: Players have won (and lost) substantial amounts on Primedice. Some high-rollers reportedly staked thousands of BTC, while there have been rare “jackpot” hits for rolling improbably low or repeating special numbers.
  • Community Milestones: The site often marks milestones (e.g., 10 billionth bet) with giveaways. These events foster user loyalty and highlight Primedice’s massive wagering volumes.
  • The Birth of Stake.com (2017): Launched by the Primedice founders, Stake.com evolved into a large, multi-product crypto casino. Primedice remains a separate brand for dice enthusiasts, coexisting alongside its more expansive sibling.
  • Twitch Streaming Culture: Though less visually appealing than slots, Primedice was streamed on Twitch by bettors testing strategies or chasing big wins. Some comedic incidents (e.g., a streamer falling asleep during auto-betting) became cautionary tales of gambling automation.

Future Outlook

Primedice is expected to continue occupying its niche as a dedicated crypto dice platform. Potential developments include:

  • Technological Updates: The site may integrate layer-2 solutions (e.g., Bitcoin’s Lightning Network) for faster, cheaper microtransactions or broaden altcoin support. Security enhancements are ongoing, and future cryptographic updates (e.g., quantum resistance) may be necessary in the long term.
  • Regulatory Pressures: Curaçao is tightening its licensing rules, possibly requiring more rigorous KYC/AML processes. Primedice may need to adapt or face domain challenges in certain regions. It could also explore additional licenses to access more markets, though the brand’s single-game focus suggests it may remain offshore.
  • Competition & Market Trends: With countless crypto casinos on the market, Primedice’s longstanding reputation for fairness and simplicity still sets it apart for dice purists. Demand for crypto gambling is projected to grow, so Primedice could sustain or increase volumes depending on crypto market cycles.
  • Sustainability & Growth: The site’s lean operation and direct brand loyalty indicate Primedice could remain profitable indefinitely. Should the owners consolidate their ventures, Primedice might integrate more deeply with Stake or remain a standalone “classic” dice brand.

Given Primedice’s history, it stands as one of the earliest and most influential crypto casinos. Its core model—provably fair, single-game, community-centric—continues to attract users seeking a transparent, high-frequency betting experience. As the broader industry evolves, Primedice is well-positioned to persist, update its technology, and maintain its iconic status in the Bitcoin gambling sector.

References

  1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Craven#:~:text=After%20experimenting%20together%20with%20Bijan,9
  2. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=Primedice%E2%80%99s%20house%20edge%20is%20just,couldn%E2%80%99t%20understand%20how%20and%20why
  3. ↑ https://igamingbusiness.com/casino-games/primedice-rolls-out-new-bitcoin-casino/#:~:text=In%20a%20statement%2C%20a%20Primedice,scratch%20by%20the%20Primedice%20team
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Craven#:~:text=After%20experimenting%20together%20with%20Bijan,9
  5. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=RuneScape
  6. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=He%20also%20claimed%20that%20Primedice,said%20in%20the%20court%20filing
  7. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=An%20online%20gaming%2Fgambling%20site%20lost,RNG%29%20system
  8. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=system%2C%20but%20the%20user%20rejected,request%20to%20return%20the%20funds
  9. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=The%20duo%20began%20dabbling%20with,with%20all%20wagers%20in%20cryptocurrency
  10. ↑ https://igamingbusiness.com/casino-games/primedice-rolls-out-new-bitcoin-casino/#:~:text=In%20a%20statement%2C%20a%20Primedice,scratch%20by%20the%20Primedice%20team
  11. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=The%20duo%20began%20dabbling%20with,with%20all%20wagers%20in%20cryptocurrency
  12. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=Primedice%E2%80%99s%20house%20edge%20is%20just,couldn%E2%80%99t%20understand%20how%20and%20why
  13. ↑ https://gamingtec.com/news/provably-fair-explained#:~:text=,Seed
  14. ↑ https://gamingtec.com/news/provably-fair-explained#:~:text=combined%20seed%20to%20produce%20a,99
  15. ↑ https://gamingtec.com/news/provably-fair-explained#:~:text=
  16. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=The%20duo%20began%20dabbling%20with,with%20all%20wagers%20in%20cryptocurrency
  17. ↑ https://wizardofodds.com/online-casinos/reviews/primedice/#:~:text=Banking%20option%20Deposit%20Withdrawal%20,163
  18. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=To%20make%20a%20withdrawal%2C%20you,last%20more%20than%2024%20hours
  19. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=tell%20us%20that%20the%20whole,last%20more%20than%2024%20hours
  20. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=You%20may%20also%20seek%20assistance,are%20English%2C%20Russian%2C%20Indonesian%2C%20Portuguese
  21. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=pays%20more
  22. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=Where%20do%20we%20stand%20on,the%20world%20of%20crypto%20gambling
  23. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=You%20progress%20through%20the%20scheme,VI
  24. ↑ https://primedice.com/policies/terms#:~:text=Terms%20%26%20Conditions%20,at%20Fransche%20Bloemweg%204%20Cura%C3%A7ao
  25. ↑ https://wizardofodds.com/online-casinos/reviews/primedice/#:~:text=Countries%20not%20supported
  26. ↑ https://www.btcgosu.com/review/primedice/#:~:text=is%20available%2024%2F7%20through%20this,base%20for%20the%20support%20team
  27. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Craven#:~:text=Known%C2%A0for%20Co,streaming%20platform%20%2045
  28. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=Just%20over%20a%20decade%20later%2C,3%20billion%20each
  29. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=legitimacy,is%20too%20high
  30. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=Freeman%20said%20that%20at%20the,initial%20investments%20in%20the%20business
  31. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Freeman%20alleged%20that%20Craven%20and,skills%20to%20code%20the%20site
  32. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=Freeman%20said%20that%20at%20the,initial%20investments%20in%20the%20business
  33. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Craven%20told%20DL%20News%20that,had%20any%20involvement%20in%20Stake
  34. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=The%20duo%20began%20dabbling%20with,with%20all%20wagers%20in%20cryptocurrency
  35. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Edward%20Craven%20and%20Bijan%20Tehrani,to%20the%20allegations%20runs%20out
  36. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=Since%20Primedice%20sends%20out%20the,the%20results%20of%20his%20bets
  37. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=After%20almost%20a%20month%20a,bitcoin%20per%20second%20for%20hours
  38. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=A%20leading%20and%20apparently%20the,way%20to%20game%20the%20system
  39. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=Since%20bitcoin%20transactions%20remain%20anonymous,him%20to%20return%20the%20funds
  40. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=The%20user%20disguised%20himself%20as,through%20which%20people%20win%20Bitcoin
  41. ↑ https://cointelegraph.com/news/learn-bitcoin-playing-minecraft-localbitcoins-competitor-launches#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20company%2C%20the,others%20learn%20from%20its%20mistakes
  42. ↑ https://cointelegraph.com/news/learn-bitcoin-playing-minecraft-localbitcoins-competitor-launches#:~:text=Primedice%3A
  43. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Freeman%20alleged%20that%20Craven%20and,skills%20to%20code%20the%20site
  44. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=Freeman%20said%20that%20at%20the,initial%20investments%20in%20the%20business
  45. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=Freeman%20asserts%20that%20within%20nine,significant%20software%20development%2C%20team%20members
  46. ↑ https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2022cv07002/584904/52/#:~:text=Freeman%2C%20a%20founder%20of%20Primedice%2C,cryptocurrency%20casino%20now%20worth%20more
  47. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=However%2C%20Freeman%20didn%E2%80%99t%20stop%20there,with%20Primedice%2C%20the%20complaint%20added
  48. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=Freeman%20alleges%20that%20in%202016%2C,due%20to%20potential%20compliance%20issues
  49. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Freeman%20initially%20sued%20the%20three,his%20work%20helped%20build%20them
  50. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=An%20ex,%E2%80%9D
  51. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Edward%20Craven%20and%20Bijan%20Tehrani,to%20the%20allegations%20runs%20out
  52. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=In%20an%20emailed%20response%20to,the%20case%20to%20go%20further
  53. ↑ https://crypto.news/stake-com-founders-face-a-580m-lawsuit-from-developer/#:~:text=suing%20the%20Australian%20creators%20of,%E2%80%9D
  54. ↑ https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2022cv07002/584904/52/#:~:text=Court%20Description%3A%20%20OPINION%20%26,ate
  55. ↑ https://www.dlnews.com/articles/defi/from-runescape-to-high-stakes-the-biggest-crypto-casino-stakecom-sued/#:~:text=Freeman%20alleged%20that%20gamblers%20in,have%20actively%20encouraged%20the%20practice
  56. ↑ https://wizardofodds.com/online-casinos/reviews/primedice/#:~:text=Countries%20not%20supported
  57. ↑ https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5235425.0#:~:text=What%20happened%20to%20primedice,Cura%C3%A7ao%20eGaming%2C%20has%20been%20suspended
  58. ↑ https://wizardofodds.com/online-casinos/reviews/primedice/#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20there%20isn%E2%80%99t%20any%20responsible,being%20a%20responsible%20betting%20operator
  59. ↑ https://gamingtec.com/news/provably-fair-explained#:~:text=iGaming%20platforms%20are%20the%20technological,platform%20that%20fosters%20Provably%20Fair
  60. ↑ https://gamingtec.com/news/provably-fair-explained#:~:text=,based%20on%20the%20provided%20data
  61. ↑ https://dicesites.com/primedice#:~:text=Since%2018%20May%202013
  62. ↑ https://igamingbusiness.com/casino-games/primedice-rolls-out-new-bitcoin-casino/#:~:text=The%20adventure,casino%20games%20and%20wager%20Bitcoins
  63. ↑ https://cointelegraph.com/news/learn-bitcoin-playing-minecraft-localbitcoins-competitor-launches#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20company%2C%20the,others%20learn%20from%20its%20mistakes
  64. ↑ https://cointelegraph.com/news/learn-bitcoin-playing-minecraft-localbitcoins-competitor-launches#:~:text=Primedice%3A
  65. ↑ https://dicesites.com/primedice#:~:text=Since%2018%20May%202013
  66. ↑ https://www.forbes.com.au/news/billionaires/how-stake-made-australias-ed-craven-a-crypto-billionaire/#:~:text=The%20duo%20began%20dabbling%20with,with%20all%20wagers%20in%20cryptocurrency
  67. ↑ https://primedice.com/policies/aml#:~:text=Primedice%20primedice,and%20operates%20the%20website
  68. ↑ https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2022cv07002/584904/52/#:~:text=DISTRICT%20OF%20NEW%20YORK%20CHRISTOPHER,not%20unlike%20The%20Social%20Network%E2%80%99s
  69. ↑ https://hackread.com/gambling-site-hacked-bitcoin-stolen/#:~:text=In%20August%202014%2C%20the%20third,the%20other%20cashed%20out%20automatically
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